Study on Acquisition Strategies for Advanced Weapon Systems Utilizing Artificial Intelligence: From the Perspective of Technological Obsolescence

With the advancements and widespread application of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies—including artificial intelligence (AI), big data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Autonomous Transportation Systems—these scientific and technological developments are influencing not only civilian industries but also military science and technology sectors. (1) Background/Purpose: South Korea's military acquisition process still lags behind, reflecting outdated standards that fail to align with the rapid advancements in military science and technology. The current weapon acquisition process may take considerable time to integrate advanced weapon systems, leading to technological obsolescence. This research examines the current state and challenges of South Korea's weapon acquisition system, reviews acquisition strategies of allied countries, and proposes strategies for the South Korean military to adopt advanced technologies such as AI in weapon systems. (2) Study Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employs case analysis, examining relevant legislation, organizational practices, and comparative cases from South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Sweden, Germany, China, and Japan. Literature review was conducted using prior research results, official government documents, internet sources, and mass media materials. (3) Findings: Advanced nations have recognized the necessity of rapid acquisition systems and are implementing related legislation and organizational reforms, while South Korea's rapid acquisition system—including the Rapid Prototype Acquisition Program introduced in 2020—has achieved limited practical results. Newly acquired weapon systems may still face technological obsolescence. (4) Originality/Value: This study proposes two strategic recommendations: operating a rapid acquisition system that considers the pace of military science and technology advancement, and rapidly acquiring AI-applied advanced weapon systems through evolutionary Required Operational Capability (ROC) concepts. These reforms would strengthen national defense and serve as new economic growth drivers for the South Korean economy.